Alabama

Ala. Code §13A-11-73 only requires a permit for carrying a pistol in a vehicle or concealed on the person; it does not touch open carry. Alabama Law Enforcement Agency's Gun Laws page confirms no permit is needed to carry openly. Permitless concealed carry (Act 2022-133) took effect Jan 1, 2023, but open carry was never separately regulated before that either.

No Alabama statute singles out churches. Ala. Code §13A-11-61.2 requires the property/entity with authority to post notice to make firearms carry a crime there; absent that, a place of worship is treated like any other private property — owner/congregation discretion, not a state ban.

No Alabama statute was found prohibiting carry in restaurants or bars serving alcohol — Alabama's permitless-carry law (Act 2022-133) and the AG's reciprocity guidance address permit recognition, not location. Multiple secondary sources (Giffords Law Center, USCCA, USA Carry forum) agree there is no such state-level restriction and that a carrier may enter as long as they don't drink, but I could not confirm this via an official Alabama source, and one forum thread noted some county-issued permits historically carried their own restriction. Marking conditional rather than a confirmed yes given the sourcing gap.

Alabama has statewide permitless carry (Ala. Code § 13A-11-85(a), Act 2022-133, eff. 1/1/2023) plus recognition of all out-of-state permits. The general carry authority is not place-limited beyond the state's short list of prohibited locations (schools, courthouses, law-enforcement facilities, etc.), and that list does not include boats, vessels, or waterways — a search specifically for an Alabama boating/DNR firearms restriction turned up none. Federal/Coast Guard rules on navigable waters are unaffected.

Ala. Code §13A-11-61.2 bars firearms (permit or not) inside a courthouse, courthouse annex, a building housing a DA's office, a building where the county commission/city council is currently in a regular or specially-called meeting, and any building with continuous security screening (magnetometers, guards, key-card/biometric barriers). A DMV office or city hall that is NOT in an active governing-body meeting and has no such screening is not on the list, so it is allowed. Courthouses are always off-limits; other general government buildings usually are not.

No Alabama statute specifically addresses campus carry either way. Public and private institutions set their own policy under general property authority; as of early 2024 every Alabama public and private university prohibited concealed carry in buildings/on grounds (locked-vehicle storage excepted). Depends entirely on the individual institution's policy, not state law.

Alabama has no statewide statute requiring a specific 'no guns' sign for a private business; the default common-law/trespass rule applies — a permit holder (or, since 2023, any lawful carrier under Alabama's permitless-carry law) may carry until the owner/agent posts notice or personally tells them to leave, at which point remaining is criminal trespass (Ala. Code § 13A-7-2). No 'opt-in' statute like Hawaii's/New Jersey's was found in this state.

No Alabama statute requires a private-property owner's advance/express permission for a lawful visitor to carry. Presence with a firearm becomes unlawful only after the owner gives actual notice (oral or written) under the general trespass statute — the national 'opt-out' default.

No Alabama statute enumerating airports as a restricted location was found. Alabama's weapons code lacks the long 'sensitive places' list that FL/MS/AR/NJ have; usacarry.com's Alabama prohibited-places summary (schools, courthouses/detention facilities, demonstrations, posted private property) does not mention airports at all. That silence, plus Alabama's permitless/shall-honor posture, suggests non-secure terminal carry is likely permitted, but I could not find a source that affirmatively addresses airports, so this is not confirmed either way. Whether Birmingham-Shuttlesworth or Huntsville International impose their own posted policy (as a municipal/airport-authority property owner) is unverified.

Alabama has permitless (constitutional) carry since Act 2022-133 (effective Jan 1, 2023) for anyone 19+ (18+ if active-duty military, honorably discharged veteran, or LEO) who can legally possess a firearm — this covers carry in a vehicle with no separate license needed. One real trap: Ala. Code §13A-11-96 makes it a crime to knowingly touch the handgun once a law-enforcement officer begins approaching the vehicle until the stop ends, unless the officer directs otherwise.

No Alabama statute bans carry in a general hospital (Alabama is permitless-carry since Jan. 1, 2023, so a CCW permit isn't even required). But a facility providing inpatient/custodial care for psychiatric, mental, or emotional disorders is separately off-limits without express permission — so 'a hospital' reads differently depending on whether it's a general med-surg hospital or an inpatient behavioral-health hospital. Private hospitals can still eject a visibly armed visitor under ordinary trespass law even though no firearm-specific crime applies.

Alabama permit holders (and permitless carriers since Act 2022-312) may carry in a vehicle statewide; the permit is expressly valid 'for the carrying of a handgun in a motor vehicle or concealed on the person throughout the state' (Ala. Code §§13A-11-73/-75). Alabama's prohibited-locations provisions (police/court facilities, secured buildings, etc.) do not mention rest areas. Sourced via NRA-ILA's summary quoting the Alabama Code; I was not able to pull the full primary statute text directly.

Ala. Code § 13A-11-95: possession of a concealed pistol/firearm on the person or in a vehicle "must immediately be disclosed if asked by a law enforcement officer acting in the scope of official duty." No proactive duty absent inquiry.

Alabama Law Enforcement Agency (ALEA): "Alabama issues concealed handgun licenses only to residents of Alabama, through the sheriff of their county of residence. Currently, Alabama does not issue carry conceal permits to out of state residents." Alabama's 2023 permitless-carry law lets anyone (resident or visitor) carry without any permit, but that is separate from state-issued permits, which remain resident-only.

Alabama's own school-specific ban (Ala. Code §13A-11-72) only criminalizes campus firearm possession when done 'with intent to do bodily harm,' and concealed handgun license holders are explicitly exempted from even that narrow ban; the general prohibited-places statute (§13A-11-61.2) does not list ordinary K-12 campus presence (only school athletic events require a permit). So a licensed carrier faces little state restriction. BUT Alabama is permitless-carry statewide, and the federal Gun-Free School Zone Act exception (18 U.S.C. §922(q)(2)(B)(ii)) requires an actual state LICENSE with law-enforcement verification — a permitless carrier with no license does not get that federal exemption merely because Alabama doesn't require one, creating a real state/federal gap within 1,000 feet of a school.

No Alabama-specific criminal statute addressing firearm-signage on private property was found (confirmed absent from both NRA-ILA's AL page and handgunlaw.us's AL summary, which cover prohibited-places law but say nothing about private business signage). Alabama's general trespass statutes (Ala. Code §§ 13A-7-2 to -4) would presumably govern, but I could not fetch their text to confirm whether posted signage alone satisfies the 'notice' element for a business open to the public, or whether a personal request to leave is required. Do not treat as confirmed either way.

Ala. Code § 13A-11-61.3: the legislature "occupies and preempts the entire field of regulation... touching in any way upon firearms" to the complete exclusion of any local ordinance; home rule/proprietary authority cannot be used to regulate. Enforceable via AG action.

No Alabama statute prohibits firearms at polling places. Alabama's general concealed/permitless carry law (permitless since 2023) does not list polling places among restricted locations. Based on absence of any statute found (state statutes searched; no AG/ALEA guidance found listing polling places) and corroborated by Movement Advancement Project's 50-state research, which found no clear prohibition.

No state-level magazine capacity restriction found. Alabama is not among the jurisdictions tracked by Giffords Law Center as restricting large-capacity magazines.

No extreme risk protection order or red flag statute found in Alabama.

Alabama imposes no additional state-level restriction beyond the federal NFA process. Ala. Code §13A-11-63 makes SBR/SBS possession an offense only 'in violation of federal law,' and no state statute restricting suppressors or machine guns was found — secondary NFA-dealer sources confirm suppressors, SBR/SBS, and pre-1986 transferable machine guns are all legal once federally registered. Buyers must notify (not seek approval from) their local CLEO when filing ATF Form 1/4 — a non-discretionary notice, not an added state permit.

Stand Your Ground by statute: Ala. Code §§ 13A-3-23, 13A-3-27 — no duty to retreat anywhere the person is lawfully present.

No Alabama statute imposes a background-check requirement on private, person-to-person firearm transfers; only federal law's dealer-only NICS requirement applies. Confirmed by Alabama's absence from the Giffords Law Center list of universal-background-check jurisdictions and no 2024-2026 legislative activity found creating one (Alabama has a Republican trifecta and passed permitless carry in 2022, moving in the opposite direction).